Encryption
Cryptographic protection of data and communications
4 items
4 Laws
Law
Investigatory Powers Act
Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (Snoopers' Charter)
(2016)
UK law granting intelligence and law enforcement agencies broad surveillance powers including bulk data collection and equipment interference.
Law
SORM
System for Operative Investigative Activities
(1995)
Russian system requiring all telecommunications providers to install FSB-accessible surveillance backdoors.
Law
TOLA Act
Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance and Access) Act 2018
(2018)
Australian law enabling authorities to compel technology companies to build backdoors, assist with decryption, and provide technical capabilities for surveillance.
Law
Yarovaya Law
Yarovaya Law (Federal Law No. 374-FZ)
(2016)
Russian anti-terrorism law requiring communications data retention for 6 months and mandatory assistance with decryption.